Supporting Good Practice in Performance and Reward Management free essay sample

Clarify in any event 2 reasons for execution the executives and its relationship to business destinations A reason for execution the executives is inspiring staff. By putting resources into and preparing representatives, giving them open doors for advancement, this permits workers to develop expertly and by and by and gives them professional success. This at that point improves their commitment to the business and along these lines causes the business to accomplish its targets. Another reason for execution the board is to screen execution †great and terrible. Execution should be overseen and tended to in a positive manner, with the goal that the representative knows about what is anticipated from them consistently. Great execution should be compensated with the goal that the representative feels that their endeavors have been perceived †this should be possible by offering preparing, work pivot/work amplification and a lifelong arrangement for advancement. The responsibility and expanded range of abilities from the worker will at that point add to the organization accomplishing its business goals, and conceivably expanding business for the organization because of additional mastery from representatives learning new aptitudes through preparing and improvement. We will compose a custom article test on Supporting Good Practice in Performance and Reward Management or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page 2. Distinguish 3 segments of execution the executives frameworks Three parts of execution the executives frameworks are Career Development, Rewards, Performance Planning and Objective setting. Profession Development: The organization guarantees the improvement of individual workers by offering further preparing, instructing, work revolution and occupation expansion. Seeing future openings for work for the representative and following that an arrangement is instituted with the goal that the worker can move in these chances. Prizes: Rewards can be money related and non-budgetary †non-monetary prizes incorporate open acknowledgment for an occupation all around done †representative of the month plans are a case of this where a worker is saluted on their endeavors before their group/the organization. Monetary prizes can be pay increments and extra installments identified with arriving at targets set. Execution Planning and Objective Setting: This permits the organization to provide away from of what is anticipated from the worker, so they recognize what their objectives and targets are as an individual and how the representative commitment causes the organization to arrive at its business goals. 3. Clarify the connection among inspiration and execution the board, alluding to at any rate 2 persuasive speculations There is an immediate connection among inspiration and execution the executives representatives should be spurred to accomplish their points and goals and to perform well in their position. They should be persuaded by different various factors so as to feel satisfied and roused and subsequently will perform well in their activity. Maslow’s hypothesis on inspiration is that every one of us is roused by requirements and there is a chain of importance of necessities and each need must be satisfied thus before an individual is propelled. The main needs are essential endurance air/food/drink/cover/warmth/sex/rest and so on †these are accomplished by paying a worker a decent compensation for their position, advantages and offering worthy working conditions. Next are wellbeing needs †cover, security, steadiness, a composed world †these requirements can be met by professional stability, a reasonable hierarchical structure and giving the representative an away from of what their activity job is. Next come Social needs †a feeling of having a place, contact, fellowship, love and fondness †these requirements can be met by the representative being a piece of a group at work, great correspondence inside the organization and conceivably offering social clubs/sorting out parties/excursions for representatives. Next Maslow clarifies that we have regard needs †status, acknowledgment, quality, certainty, regard from others †these necessities can be met by work status, advancement possibilities and positive criticism from the board and colleagues. Next and ultimately is simply the need actualisation †to create ones maximum capacity, self-satisfaction †these necessities can be met by being allowed new difficulties and the chance to grow new aptitudes and furthermore being given authority over their own work. As per Maslow these should be met all together for an individual to be spurred. Frederick Herzberg’s inspiration hypothesis was that individuals have cleanliness needs since they are miserable without them †security/status/individual life/pay/work conditions/oversight and so forth , yet once they have accomplished these cleanliness needs †the fulfillment wears off and they become disappointed again. Herzberg research distinguished that â€Å"true† inspirations were distinctive I. e: accomplishment, acknowledgment, work itself, duty and progression. In this way all fundamental elements should be set up consistently, and afterward various sparks should have been applied, potentially at various occasions, with the end goal for them to feel spurred. These would rely upon the representatives individual objectives and points and what spurs them exclusively. 4. Recognize 2 motivations behind remuneration inside execution the executives framework Purpose 1 Reward inside execution the board can be money related and non-fiscal. Prize is significant inside execution the board as the representative should be consoled that their exhibition and commitment are esteemed. They should be consoled that their endeavors add to the general points and goals of the entire organization. Prize assists with keeping up representative inspiration. Reason 2 Another reason for remuneration inside execution the executives is the enrollment and maintenance of ability. Offering compensation in return for ability, urges new workers to the business †representatives that have needed to discover aptitudes, which will positively affect the business. Prize is likewise significant so the business can hold ability inside the business and develop and build up these representatives to profit the business. . Portray at any rate 3 segments of an absolute prize framework, 1 of which ought to be non money related Component 1 Individual development is a part of a complete prize framework. Putting resources into your workers is significant, creating and preparing them, offering them profession improvement. Part 2 Financial bundle †this is a significant segment of an all out remuneration framework †the essential compensation, in addition to incidental advantages †vehicle stipend, private social insurance, execution related rewards †these make up a money related bundle that makes a significant segment of the complete prize framework. Segment 3 A positive working environment is a segment of a complete prize framework †great initiative is significant †representatives need to comprehend what is anticipated from them and what their points and destinations are †they need support inside their job, be sure that there is trust and responsibility from their manager. A protected and charming condition to work in is additionally significant, with the goal that they feel that their boss thinks about their government assistance. 6. Clarify the elements that ought to be viewed as while overseeing great and terrible showing There are a few factors that ought to be viewed as while overseeing great and lackluster showing : Checking correspondence frameworks: The organization needs to guarantee that all workers know about what is anticipated from them, that their points and destinations have been conveyed to them, and that they comprehend and concur with how these points and goals can be accomplished †additionally guaranteeing that representatives approach this data and they realize where to discover the data on the off chance that they are uncertain. Directing/Support: The organization needs to consider the guiding and bolster benefits that are set up †is there an adequate advising and bolster administration accessible for the workers to utilize on the off chance that they need it? Having support from colleagues is significant, just as help and direction from Management. Additionally offering access to help and advising for non-business related issues that can directly affect representatives execution at work. Prizes and Incentives: When overseeing great execution, a prize and impetus conspire should be considered to show workers that their exhibition is perceived and acknowledged and this at that point urges representatives to accomplish and surpass their own points and targets. Prizes and motivating forces additionally causes representatives to feel esteemed and supports worker reliability. Preparing and Development: A pertinent and ground breaking preparing and advancement plan should be viewed as while overseeing great and horrible showing †when awful execution is being overseen, it might be perceived that the worker doesn't have the correct aptitudes and experience to play out their job, they would then be able to be given preparing and improvement to guarantee that they can satisfy their activity job and meet their points and goals. 7. Depict at any rate 2 things of information, including 1 outside to the association The organization disciplinary system can be counseled so as to choose what steps should be taken so as to deal with the awful execution of a worker. This will give direction on what steps should be taken to guarantee the ideal result. As the organization doesn't have a Performance Management methodology, they can allude to ACAS to pick up direction on this and some other data they need identifying with Reward and Performance Management. ACAS gives let loose direction on the most to date data on work best practices so if the organization required direction, they could counsel ACAS and be guaranteed that they were getting the right and required data. 8. Clarify the recurrence, reason and procedure of execution survey. Most organizations will do a yearly presentation survey with workers. The motivation behind a presentation audit is to give the representative input on thei

Ethical Issues to Consider When Doing Research

Moral Issues to Consider When Doing Research Arranging Access and Research Ethics Shaban IBISH List of chapters (Jump to) Dynamic Presentation 1. Issues related with get to 1.1. Why increase physical access is troublesome? 2. Methodologies to obtain entrance 2.1. Rundown of systems to obtain entrance: 2.2. Permitting yourself adequate time: 2.3. Utilizing existing contacts and growing new ones: 2.4. Giving an away from of direction and kind of access required: 2.5. Defeating authoritative worries about the conceding of access: 2.6. Potential advantages to the association of allowing you get to: 2.7. Utilizing appropriate language: 2.8. Encouraging simplicity of answer when mentioning access: 2.9. Building up your entrance on a steady premise: 2.10. Setting up your believability with proposed members: 3. Characterize look into morals 3.1.Ethical issues that influence the examination procedure by and large 3.2. Moral issues identified with the investigation and revealing stages 3.3. Check List of Requirements for Informed Consent 4. Characteristic and extent of Ethics 4.1. Moral issues that influence the exploration procedure for the most part 4.2. Moral issues during he structure and starting access stages 4.3. Moral issues during the information assortment stage 4.4. Information security and research 5. End 6. References Dynamic From a mostly access and morals are basic perspectives for the lead of research. Deficient consideration may in this manner be paid to getting entrance and even less to the probability ofâ ethical concerns emerging according to the direct of the examination venture. In this unique situation, such contemplations are significant whether you are utilizing optional information, or you are gathering essential information utilizing Internet-intervened or different techniques. Over the previous decade, worries about the morals of research practice have developed significantly. There are numerous moral issues to be taken into genuine thought for research.Research ethicsinvolves the use of fundamentalethicalprinciples to an assortment of points involvingresearch, including arranging access. Presentation Most importantly to plainly comprehend the possibility of exchange morals, we should initially characterize being moral. To be moral, or to haveethics, just methods being as per the guidelines or gauges for right direct or practice, particularly concerning the measures of a profession.With this at the top of the priority list, exchange morals is the utilization of moral conduct during relevant arrangement positions. Numerous understudies need to begin their examination when they have recognized a point region, overlooking that entrance and morals are basic viewpoints for the accomplishment of any exploration venture. Like the sub-temporary workers utilized by Procter and Gamble, you should consider how you are going to access the information you need, and how you will disclose to those from whom you are getting information why you need that information. Such contemplations are significant whether you are utilizing optional information, or you are gathering essential information utilizing Internet-intervened or different strategies. Over the previous decade, worries about the morals of research practice have developed drastically. Thus, you have to contemplate how you will access embrace your exploration and about conceivable moral worries that could emerge comparable to the lead of your whole research venture. These are perspectives that require cautious consideration at the start of any exploration venture. Without giving cautious consideration to how you are going to access the information you require and acting morally, what appear as though smart thoughts for research may flop and demonstrate illogical or hazardous once you endeavor to embrace them. 1. Issues related with get to Your capacity to gather information will rely upon accessing their source or to fitting sources where there is a decision. The suitability of a source will obviously rely upon your examination question, identified with targets and system. The primary degree of access is physical access or passage. Increasing physical access can be hard for number of reasons 1.1. Why increasing physical access is troublesome Associations or people may not be set up to take part in extra, intentional exercises in view of the time and assets required. The solicitation for access and collaboration may neglect to intrigue the individual who gets it. The association may end up in a troublesome circumstance attributable to outside occasions absolutely inconsequential to any discernments about the idea of the solicitation or the individual creation, with the goal that they must choose the option to deny get to. Physical access to an association will be officially conceded through its administration. Access may likewise allude to your capacity to choose a delegate test of hierarchical members so as to endeavor to address your examination question and meet your goals in a fair-minded route and to create dependable and substantial information. Subjective access will lead you to access the information that you need your planned members to impart to you so as to comprehend their social reality and to have the option to address your examination question and destinations. Access is probably going to be a difficult territory, as far as picking up authorization for physical access, keeping up that get to, and having the option to make adequate degree to address completely the examination question and targets that direct your work. The degree to which attainability will influence the idea of your examination, or if nothing else the methodology that you embrace. A solicitation to attempt research may include you looking for access to a scope of members dependent on an authoritative example. 2. Systems to get entrance The need to distinguish a doable research question and destinations, from the point of view of getting entrance. Individual passage to an association will be less material where you send a self-managed, postal poll to hierarchical members, in circumstances where you don't have to increase physical access so as to distinguish members. 2.1. Outline of methodologies to get entrance: Permitting yourself adequate time Utilizing existing contacts and growing new ones Giving an away from of direction and sort of access required Conquering authoritative worries about the giving of access Distinguishing potential advantages to the association in conceding you get to Utilizing appropriate language Encouraging simplicity of answer when mentioning access Building up your entrance on a gradual premise Setting up your believability with planned members. Potential moral issues ought to be perceived and considered from the beginning of you look into and be one of the rules against which your exploration proposition is judged. Moral concerns are probably going to happen at all phases of your examination venture: when looking for access, during information assortment, as you break down information and when you report them. Subjective research is probably going to prompt a grater scope of moral worries in correlation with quantitative research, albeit all examination techniques have explicit moral issues related with them. Moral concerns are additionally connected with the force connection between the exploration and those who award get to, and the researcher’s job (as outer analyst, inward scientist). The utilization of the Internet and email to gather information may likewise produce moral concerns. 2.2. Permitting yourself adequate time: Physical access may take weeks or even a very long time to organize, and by and large the time put won't bring about access being conceded. In the event that you can contact a member legitimately, for example, administrator, and trade of correspondence might be adequate to obtain entrance. In the circumstance where your expected members are not similar individuals who award you physical access, you should permit further time to pick up their acknowledgment. When you have increased physical access to the association and to your members, you will be worried about increasing intellectual access. 2.3. Utilizing existing contacts and growing new ones: The utilization of realized contacts will rely generally upon your decision of research strategyand way to deal with choosing an example, as proposed by your examination question and destinations. You should have the option to recognize the most suitable individual to contact for help, either straightforwardly or by implication. You may consider making an immediate way to deal with an association trying to recognize the suitable individual to contact comparable to a specific research venture. 2.4. Giving an away from of direction and kind of access required: Giving an away from of your necessities will permit your planned members to know about what will be required from them. Building up your believability will be indispensable so as to obtain entrance. 2.5. Defeating authoritative worries about the allowing of access: Worries about the measure of time or assets that will be associated with the solicitation for get to. Affectability about the theme. The privacy of the information that would need to be given and the namelessness of the association or individual members. 2.6. Potential advantages to the association of conceding you get to: A conversation may permit them to thoroughly consider an issue and to think about the activity that they have received to oversee it. The goal is furnish every one of your members with something of significant worth and to satisfy any assumptions regarding trade between the supplier and collector of the examination information, in this manner provoking a portion of those whom you way to deal with award get to. Where access is conceded in kind for providing a report of your discoveries it might be critical to devise a basic agreement to clarify what has been concurred. 2.7. Utilizing appropriate language: A few analysts encourage against alluding to specific terms utilized comparable to look into movement when making a way to deal with an association for get to, on the grounds that these might be seen as undermining or

Oxycodone Withdrawal Symptoms, Timeline, and Treatment

Oxycodone Withdrawal Symptoms, Timeline, and Treatment Addiction Coping and Recovery Print How Long Does Withdrawal From Oxycodone Last? By Corinne O’Keefe Osborn linkedin Corinne Osborn is an award-winning health and wellness journalist with a background in substance abuse, sexual health, and psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Corinne O’Keefe Osborn Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on February 10, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 25, 2019 More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview Signs and Symptoms   Coping and Relief Warnings Long-Term Treatment Resources View All Back To Top Oxycodone is a short-acting, semi-synthetic opioid used to treat moderate to severe pain. It is prescribed for both acute pain (after surgery or injury) and chronic pain (from disease or damage). Oxycodone is the narcotic component of several common combination drugs, including Percocet and Percodan. Oxycodone is also the active ingredient in Oxycontin, an extended-release version of the drug.   Taking oxycodone for more than a few weeks causes tolerance and dependence, regardless of whether or not you are using it as directed. Whether you’ve been using oxycodone for pain or abusing it to get high, you can expect withdrawal symptoms.   Overview Oxycodone withdrawal is different for everyone and symptoms can range from mild to severe. Your withdrawal experience will depend on a variety of factors, including your current dose and how long you’ve been using opioids.   Your withdrawal experience will also be impacted by the  way in which you use opioids.   People with an opioid use disorder (addiction) typically have a harder time detoxing. Opioid addiction is different from opioid dependence because it involves intense cravings and drug use that interferes with daily life. Oxycodone is a highly addictive drug, however, so it is not uncommon for a physical dependence to escalate into a full-blown addiction. In recent years, prescription drug abuse has become more common across all age groups and demographics. In 2015, while only  591,000 people were abusing heroin,  2 million were struggling with an addiction to prescription opioids. If you’ve never experienced opioid withdrawal before, then you’re probably worried about what to expect. Is it as bad as it looks on TV? It depends.   Without treatment, opioid withdrawal can be both uncomfortable and unpleasant, but you can rest assured that it is rarely dangerous. Your withdrawal experience will begin within 8 to 24 hours of your last dose. You can expect stomach and muscle cramps, diarrhea, sweating, chills, and insomnia, among other symptoms. Symptoms typically peak within a few days and then begin to resolve. The whole process rarely lasts longer than one week.   Signs and Symptoms   The signs and symptoms of oxycodone withdrawal can vary from person to person. Most people experience flu-like symptoms, but the severity of symptoms exists on a continuum. If you would like to get a better idea of the range of withdrawal symptoms, you can take a look at the diagnostic scale clinicians use, the  Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS). The most common oxycodone withdrawal symptoms are: muscle aches and painflu-like feelingsweatingrunny nosechillsnausea or vomitingcramping or diarrhea  insomnia or disturbed sleepteary eyestremorsanxiety or restlessness  goosefleshheart poundingagitationskin-crawling   Symptoms generally appear within 8 to 24 hours of your last dose. If you’ve been abusing oxycodone by crushing it up to bypass the extended-release mechanism, then your withdrawal symptoms will come on quicker. If you’ve been using your medication as directed, on a regular schedule, then your withdrawal symptoms may be slower to appear (especially if you’re taking extended-release tablets).     Depending on your situation, your withdrawal experience may also be marked by the return of pain. Extended opioid use temporarily decreases your pain threshold, which means that your pain may feel worse than it did before you used opioids. Pain can complicate withdrawal, so you should work with your doctor to develop a plan to handle it.   The acute (immediate) symptoms of oxycodone withdrawal typically peak around day three and then begin to subside. Acute symptoms rarely last longer than 5 to 7 days. There is, however, another condition known as protracted (long-term) opioid withdrawal, which can last up to six months.   Protracted withdrawal symptoms are much less severe, but they can be very frustrating and often lead to relapse. In the months following your last dose, you may experience: depressionlow energy levels  a low tolerance for stress (short fuse)  trouble sleepingthe inability to experience pleasure from anything  problems with memory or concentrationirritability or agitation   These symptoms typically come and go in waves, which adds to the frustration of recovery. The important thing to remember is that they are only temporary.   Coping and Relief Any clinician will tell you that the best way to get through oxycodone withdrawal is to use detox medications like methadone and buprenorphine. Going through opioid detox without medical support causes needless suffering, so you’re going to need to reach out for help. There are several ways you can go about this. You might find help from: an addiction treatment centera community health clinicyour primary care physiciana psychiatrist  a methadone clinica doctor certified to prescribe buprenorphine (Suboxone)   There are several medications that can help prevent withdrawal symptoms and treat any symptoms that do develop. The first group is opioids like oxycodone, but when they’re used properly, they don’t get you high.     Methadone.  Methadone is a long-acting opioid that must be taken once per day to prevent withdrawal symptoms. When used correctly, it prevents withdrawal symptoms and drug cravings without causing euphoria or sedation. Unfortunately, it is only available at certified clinics, which you must attend daily.                    Buprenorphine.  Buprenorphine is also a long-acting opioid that can prevent or reduce withdrawal symptoms. It is most often found in Suboxone, which is a medication that combines buprenorphine with naloxone, an opioid antagonist. Many doctors are certified to prescribe Suboxone for people to use at home.  Lucemyra (lofexidine hydrochloride). Lucemyra is a brand-new, non-opioid medication that is FDA approved to treat opioid withdrawal symptoms. Because it contains no opioids, any doctor can prescribe it for at-home use.   It can take some time for your body to adjust to a stable dose of methadone or buprenorphine. During that time, you may experience mild withdrawal symptoms. The  American Society for Addiction Medicine recommends the following medications to treat break-through withdrawal symptoms: Clonidine: a hypertension drug regularly used off-label to treat opioid withdrawal symptoms. It is available as a pill or a transdermal patch.  Loperamide: to treat diarrhea.  Ondansetron: to treat nausea and vomiting.  Benzodiazepines: to treat short-term anxiety.  OTC pain relievers:  (Tylenol or Advil) to treat muscle aches and pains.     If you are having trouble sleeping, you may want to consider (with a doctor’s approval) an OTC antihistamine like Benadryl. If you are allergic to antihistamines or prefer something else, you should talk to your doctor about prescription sleep aids.   Warnings Opioid withdrawal is rarely dangerous for healthy adults, but it can be extremely uncomfortable without detox medications. While it is safe to detox at home, many people benefit from inpatient detox facilities where they receive 24-hour medical care.   Inpatient detox facilities are a great way to get through withdrawal in a safe, trigger-free environment, but they can be prohibitively expensive. If you have insurance, call and ask what type of addiction treatment they cover and how long that coverage lasts.   Inpatient treatment is a great option for people struggling with opioid use disorder. Detox is the first step in addiction treatment and it is an important one, but the key to long-term sobriety is long-term relapse prevention. Detox facilities can help you transition into something more long-term. Without continued addiction treatment, people that go through detox  typically relapse within a year or two. Because relapse is so common after detox, it is important to be aware of how quickly your tolerance level can change. Your pre-detox dose can cause an overdose after detox. Talk to your doctor about getting a Narcan kit that you can keep on hand in case of emergency (Narcan can reverse an opioid overdose).   Inpatient or specialty outpatient treatment is also a great option if you are pregnant. Oxycodone withdrawal can cause pregnancy complications, including miscarriage and premature birth. This means that it is particularly important for you to avoid withdrawal symptoms. Fortunately, methadone is  proven safeand effective for use during pregnancy. Long-Term Treatment The main goal of long-term treatment is to prevent people with opioid use disorder from relapsing. Long-term addiction treatment involves a multi-pronged approach that includes medical, social, and therapeutic support. Your medical approach may include a long-term maintenance dose of methadone or Suboxone or you might want to stop using opioids entirely.   Naltrexone  is a non-opioid medication that you can take to prevent relapse in the long-term. It is an opioid antagonist, which means that it prevents opioids from getting you high. It is now available as a once-per-month injection or a daily pill. Naltrexone is an excellent safe guard against impulsive relapse. Research shows that adding psychotherapy to medication increases your chance of maintaining long-term sobriety. Individual and group therapy takes place in a variety of settings, including addiction treatment programs, community clinics, hospitals, and private practices. Finally, social support is the third leg of relapse prevention. Knowing you’re not alone is important. And a shared commitment to sobriety helps a lot of people stay strong. Most people find long-term support at local 12-step meetings, which are free and convenient.   Resources To find a doctor near you who is certified to prescribe buprenorphine, check out this  searchable directory. To find a doctor or therapist who specializes in opioid use disorders, you can use this searchable directory from the  Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) or call SAMHSA’s national helpline at 1-800-662-HELP (4357).   To learn more about Narcotics Anonymous (NA) check out their  website. You can find a meeting near you with their  searchable directory.   A Word From Verywell   Oxycodone withdrawal doesn’t have to be torture. With the right detox support, you should be able to get through it with minimal discomfort. It can be difficult to plan your detox ahead of time, so get help. When you’re in a good place, ask someone you trust to help you get and keep an appointment with a doctor.   How Long Does Oxycodone Stay in Your System?

Supply Chain Management - 1259 Words

Introduction Supply chain management is a valuable practice whose purpose is to offer businesses a competitive advantage in the market place. According to Jacoby, D. (2010), some companies like Walmart and Dell have applied this system to gain a competitive advantage in the market while others have failed to apply it owing to its complexity. Companies require adequate and accurate information about all the players in the chain management in order for them to meet their consumers, demands while maintaining health relationships with their suppliers. Technology plays a pivotal role in availing such information, and as such, it is an effective tool for chain management. If done in the right way, then organizations will be ahead of the rest of the competitors in the market place. It is for this reason that organizations should invest in proper supply chain management in order for them to enhance their revenues while cutting on the costs. Initiating the integration process and the rationale The underlying principle of supply chain management is to increase a companys worth in order for it to maintain a top position in the marketplace in comparison with their competitors. The market demand is a fundamental aspect for any manufacturing company, which Durham International Manufacturing Company should be keen in addressing. To ensure that market demand issues are addressed, DIMCO should work closely with distributors of their products to gather relevant information that isShow MoreRelatedThe Supply Chain Management Of Supply Chains1372 Words   |  6 Pagesthe world. Supply chains are now very complex and flourishing in the global marketplace, but only constructed and managed correctly. My discipline is supply chain management. There are many different functions of the supply chain that make it what it is. 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Sherman Alexie s The Absolutely True Diary Of A Part...

Sherman Alexie is a Native American author who wrote The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian.... This story depicts a young Native American boy named Arnold spirit who grows up on the Spokane Indian Reservation face with poverty and alcoholism. After living on the reservation for 14 years, Arnold decides to leave the reservation in attending an all white school off the reservation named Reardan. Well at Reardan what makes a few friends named Gordy and Penelope who have made a good impact on his life. Later on in the school year Arnold makes varsity basketball team but loses to the opposing team after that a series of unfortunate events including the death of his grandmother the death of his dad’s best friend and his sister dying in a house fire have all left him in a deep depressed state. After these traumatic events Arnold begins to look at himself in a new way and sees where he fits in in life. This novel has many thematic and symbolic objects each contributing to S herman Alexie s life on the reservation. In the novel Arnold Spirit also known as junior is the narrator who takes the readers on his journey as he leaves the reservation and begins attending Reardan High School. When we first meet Arnold we learn that he is susceptible to seizures and has a stutter and a lisp, this is due to having a medical problem known as â€Å"water on the brain†. Readers learn Arnold is talented with drawing cartoons when he is board. Arnold hates living in poverty and dreamsShow MoreRelatedSherman Alexie s The Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian1322 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Library Association s rundown of the ten most challenged books each year since 2010 incorporates Sherman Alexie s The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian. Last year, the Association listed the book as the second most banned and challenged book while in 2014, the Association listed the book as the number one most banned and challenged book. Recently, many parents of 9th grade students have sought to ban the book because of it s offensive language, racism, and sexually explicitRead MoreAnalysis Of Sherman Alexie s The Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian 1576 Words   |  7 Pagesor psychological ways. Sherman Alexie s The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian raises awareness about this common social issue, bullying, through his story about a boy growing up on an impoverished Native American reservation. The novel shows how bullying can leave deep emotional scars that last a lifetime. It s important to take bullying seriously and not just brush it off as something that kids have to tough out. The effects can be serious and affect a child s sense of self-worth andRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Sherman Alexie s An Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian 1278 Words   |  6 PagesThis rhetorical analysis will bring you through the How to Fight Monsters chapter of Sherman Alexie s story : An Absolutely True Diary of a Part Time Indian. This book is a semi-au tobiography that won the 2007 U.S. National Book Award For Young People s Literature. This story is about an Indian boy from a poor reservation with an alcoholic father, who wishes for a better life. In order to achieve this better life, Junior decides to move to another school in order to have hope for his futureRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian By Sherman Alexie895 Words   |  4 PagesDouble-consciousness in The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian   Double-consciousness this sense of always looking at one s self through the eyes of others, of measuring one s soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity (Dubois, 8). W.E.B. Du Bois had a perfect definition of double-consciousness. The action of viewing one s self through the eyes of others and measuring one s soul. Looking at all of the thoughts good or bad coming from others. This is presentRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of The Part Time Indian By Sherman Alexie2068 Words   |  9 Pagesinappropriate behavior based on the age of the reader. The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian is one of those books, and in the opinions of many the novel actually consists of nearly all of these reasons why most books are banned. The book is actually one, if not the most, challenged book in the United States. Sherman Alexie s 2007 novel The Absolutely True Diary of the Part-Time Indian is considered a controversial novel because of it s demeaning references to alcoholism, poverty, bullyingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian `` By Sherman Alexie1403 Words   |  6 Pagesbillions of people out there in the world. Every single person out there longs to be part of something bigger than themselves. They don’t want to be alone in such a big place as the earth we live on. They want to feel like they belong. This is exactly how Arnold Spirit Junior (The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian; Sherman Alexie) feels. He has spent his entire life feeling like an outsider. He longs to be a part of something bigger than himself, to be accepted. There are many aspects in lifeRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of The Part Time Indian1932 Words   |  8 Pagessituations, violence, and inappropriate behavior for the age it s been given to. The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian is one of those books and actually almost consists of all of the reasons most books are banned. The book is actually one, if not the most, challenged book in the United States. Sherman Alexie s 2007 novel The Absolutely True Diary of the Part-Time Indian is considered a controversial novel because of it s demeaning references to alcohol, poverty, bullying, violence, andRead MoreIn Sherman Alexie’S The Absolutely True Diary Of A Part-Time1311 Words   |  6 Pages In Sherman Alexie’s The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, the protagonist struggles throughout the novel by having two different selves: Junior, the outcast from the Reservation and Arnold, from the white high school at Reardan. As a result of being two oppo sites, Junior’s behavior and personality drastically changes, affecting both himself and others around him. Living in Wellpinit, Arnold Spirit gets nicknamed Junior from his fellow Spokane Tribal members, is an outsider, and only hasRead MoreAnalysis of The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian by Sherman Alexie805 Words   |  4 PagesThe Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian which was written by Sherman Alexie, combines humor and tragedy to tell a first-person narrative story of Arnold Spirit Jr., a 14-year-old Native American teenager, and the events in his life about pursuing his dreams. This book is a semi-autobiographical novel and it has won the 2007 U.S. National Book Award for Young Peoples Literature and the Odyssey Award as best 2008 audiobook for young people. The language in this book is simple, humorous andRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian By Sherman Alexie1136 Words   |  5 PagesCritical analysis of The Absolutely True Dia ry of a Part Time Indian The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian by Sherman Alexie, investigates the hidden facts about Indians. Alexie displays amiability, sorrow, and reality through his primary character, Junior, to influence the reader to comprehend how much the Native Americans are suffering. In present-day society, desperate Indians that reside in these reservations endure incurable poverty that keeps on prevailing. This dim world loaded

The Secondary Education in Britain Free Essays

The Secondary Education in Britain Introduction The United Kingdom has a completely world-leading education system. The education in the United Kingdom has hundreds years of history, which is quite perfect and complex, and also has a very large flexibility. It is quite different from the education in China. We will write a custom essay sample on The Secondary Education in Britain or any similar topic only for you Order Now Overall, the education in the UK is divided into three parts: primary education, secondary education and tertiary education. The secondary education in the UK and China The difference of education between the United Kingdom and China is mainly started from secondary education. In the UK, students enter the secondary school by taking the 11 plus exam at the age of 11. Private schools and public schools are the 2 types of British secondary schools. Public School is totally free and private school will cost a lot. But Private schools are usually much better than public schools no matter in facilities or teachers. But in China most secondary schools are public schools, which is better than private schools. British secondary education lasts seven years and it can divide into two stages. One stage is before the age of 16 and the second stage is 16 to 18. The first stage is the period of compulsory education in the UK. British students have to learn many subjects during the secondary education before the age of 14, and then take the Key stage 3 exam. Students from the age of 14, they need to learn the core courses such as English, mathematics and science classes, but also need to learn four to five elective courses. Two years later, when they are 16th, they will take the GCSE exam. But in China, the first three years of secondary education is compulsory education. During this period, Chinese students have no choice to choose courses which they are interested in. They have to learn all the courses which Entrance Exam to Senior High Schools required. So Chinese students usually have much express of examination. After British students complete the first stage of secondary education, they can choose continue their study or go to work. Of course, most of the students choose the first choice. If they do this, usually they will have two more years to take the A-Level courses. A wide range of subjects opened in the A-Level courses such as business, legal, media and politics etc. Finally they will take an exam to enter the university and finish their secondary education. But it is easier than the College Entrance Examination in China. Chinese students can choose Science or liberal art. But they still need to learn all the subjects of the college entrance examination required. They don’t have a lot of self-selective. Therefore, the secondary education in the UK and China has a lot difference, but they both have their own advantages and disadvantages. The Compulsory education British compulsory education is 11 years, which two years longer than it is in China. And all the tuition of British compulsory education is paid by the government, but in China students have to pay some small parts of it like the cost of the kooks. In China, the compulsory education finished at the age of 15. The government will not pay for their further study; this may result in some of the students in poor families cannot enter junior high school. They cannot find a suitable job with such a young age. It both increased the pressure to individual families but also to the whole society. Longer compulsory education means that British students can get a better education. It not only can solve these problems, but also have a lot of benefits: Firstly, it can relieve some of the pressure on employment. Longer compulsory education can make some people’s employment time delay for years, to avoid the employment peak period and relieve the pressure on employment. Secondly, the children in poor families can get â€Å"knowledge assets†. With the help of â€Å"knowledge assets† they can get more income and then go out of poverty. Thirdly, it can improve the quality of all the people. Longer compulsory education can give all the school-age children better education. Result or process? In China, the assessment of student test scores only. In China, the score is the only way to assess the students. In other words, the only standard which decided the university they will go to is the College Entrance Examination scores. Therefore, with the education system in China, some students become abnormal: Academic performance is very good, but the other ability is almost a zero. The original intention of education is to make students smarter, but if the students pay all of attention on their scores, and lost the interest of the subject, it will make the students stupid. But British education always pays more attention to the comprehensive development of students. British schools have fewer exams. However, students have a lot of coursework and presentations. This kind of coursework usually focused on practical problems, and always need teamwork. It is very helpful to improve the students’ abilities of express and create. Young people’s knowledge composition The different education made the young people have different knowledge composition in different countries. Secondary education opened in the UK has a wide range of courses. With the grade increased, students can gradually find which subjects that they are interested in or they are not good, and then the next semester, they could give up a subject that not interested in or not good at, and keep their favorite subjects. This is just like a pyramid; Students can fully demonstrate their own interests and hobbies with their learning initiative. On the other hand, it is very helpful for future university study. At the same time, this kind of course selection can help students limited their concentrate on their favorite courses and can improve their efficiency of learning. But in China, students in secondary education have to take all the subjects which the College Entrance Examination required. So they may have to learn some courses which they are not interested in. But this kind of education made the foundation of the Chinese students very solid. In other words, Chinese secondary education pays more attention to comprehensive education. So, Chinese students always have comprehensive knowledge. But they are lack of creative ability. If there is a competition, the championship always belongs to China. Conclusion Overall, British secondary education system is pretty perfect. Student study in the UK can cultivate an interest easily. They can choose their favorite courses and learn a really useful knowledge that would be helpful to their whole life. Reference A survey by HM Inspectors of Schools, (1979), Aspects of secondary education in England, [online]. Available on http://www. educationengland. org. uk/documents/hmi-secondary/index. html Becky Francis and Louise Archer, (10 November 2003), British–Chinese pupils’ and parents’ constructions of the value of education, British Educational Research Journal, Vol. 31, No. 1, February 2005, pp. 89–108 Montreal, (November 2008), The UK Education System: a summary input to the Canada UK Colloquia. Organization of the education system in the United Kingdom –England, Wales and Northern Ireland, UKENG/WLS/NIR How to cite The Secondary Education in Britain, Essay examples

Leadership and Leaders Quality

Question: Using relevant theories and models critically evaluate and analyse the leadership of a 21st century leader of a (business, government or not-for-profit) organisation. If you were in the position of the leader, what could you do to be a better leader and make a stronger impact on the followers and on the situation? Answer: Executive Summary Leadership skills play an important role in shaping the performance of the company. The strategies adopted by the leaders help in improving the plans prepared for introducing developmental plans for the management. Through effective leadership skills it is possible for the leaders to introduce the best steps that would enable the management to manage positive relationship with the staffs of the company. There are different theories and models that have been adopted by the leaders to improve the performance and relationship with the clients. Introduction Leaders and leadership skills have always benefitted people or followers, since ages. The role of leaders in 21st century cannot be overlooked, in uplifting the performance of the companies. Many leaders have been successful in changing the overall look of the companies formed by them. Through the leadership skills, it is possible to influence the performance of the business. The success of the business depends upon the relationship that exists between the followers of the group or company and the leaders. This essay has been prepared on Steve Jobs, the successful leader of Apple Company. Jobs were the CEO of Apple Inc., one of the leading companies in the world. In this essay, the leadership style adopts and followed by Steve has been included. The skills adopted by the leader to encourage the people to work towards the goal achievement, which is one of the most important factors. Steve Jobs was an effective leader, who could encourage the members to work towards the goal achievemen t for the company (Atkinson Pilgreen, 2011). Leadership in the 21st Century The leadership is one of the most important factors that play a key role in handling various issues related to management. Through effective leadership skills, the leaders can easily handle different challenges that exist at the time of maintaining positive and long term relationship. Various leaders have adopted different leadership styles to encourage the people. The style varies, however the motive is to motivate the people to work towards the goal achievement. Through effective leadership skills, the leaders are expected to solve the problem that is faced by the management and the employees or the followers. It has being noted that the action and inaction of the leader directly impacts the people. Thus, the decision taken by the leader has to be analysed, and the pros and cons associated with the same has to be analysed. The concepts related to leadership traits and features/characteristics and theories have been presented to highlight the steps that would be followed for handlin g the environmental factors. With the help of the skills, it is possible for the leaders to handle the situation and overpower the challenges that exist within the business (Fenwick Gayle, 2008). Leadership skills of Steve Jobs The successful CEO of Apple Inc., Steve Jobs was a charismatic and vision oriented leader. Jobs had encouraged his followers to adopt intellectual development process to handle different issues, and overpower the problems that existed at the workplace. Steve believed in inspiring his followers, as this would improve the performance and effectiveness. Both the factors are required for improving the productivity for the company. Characteristics and leadership style followed by Steve Jobs is much associated with the transformational type of leadership. With a clear vision Steve could easily introduce to the people the benefits and different usages of the personal computer. In order to do so, Steve required a force to execute the challenging tasks that existed at the workplace. Thus, Jobs would encourage the members to do the right things by providing the assistance that was required for the execution. In this method, Steve had clearly defined the vision that was expected to be followed by the members and the managers of the company. Task associated with the value addition was done through energetic and positive attitude of Steve Jobs. The vision of the leader and the company was clearly highlighted to the people. Steve was a perfectionist and would encourage the members to do the right things. Jobs had a view and ambition, and the same was communicated with the members/followers on a positive note. Steve believed in encouraging the followers as this was quite essential for the successful business operations and expansions ( Fry, 2003). Such features and characteristics were associated with the transformational style of leadership. In this process, Steve ensured to encourage the members and introduced transformational changes in the members. This was necessary for accomplishing the challenging tasks that existed at the workplace. The CEO of the company believed in introducing innovative designs and concepts, which would benefit the people. Staffs of the company were encouraged to do the right things to accomplish the tasks and introduce innovative plans and designs that would benefit the clients. Steve believed in offering the best possible services, as this would encourage the potential buyers to invest in the purchase of the products that were sold by the company ( Gill, et al., 2008). Relevance of organizational behaviour The leaders of the company are expected to be committed towards the goal achievement set out by the management. This helps the leaders to develop the target and the process that would have to be followed for accomplishing the task. Commitment is the strength of the leader through which the staffs can be encouraged to get involved with the organizational commitment. The people of the company have to be encouraged to follow the steps that have been set forth by the companies and the leaders. Through this process, it is possible to relate the works performed by the company and the commitment that has been outlined by the company. With enough resources it is possible for the leaders to set out attitudes or the behaviours of the staffs. Both the factors are necessary for the successful conduct of the business activities (Humphreys, Einstein, 2003). Through this process, it is possible for the leaders to develop and introduce better methods for 1. Developing employee behaviour, through which the performance of the company can be improved. 2. Implement attitudinal and cognitive factors that would improve job satisfaction among the staffs of the company. 3. Define the characteristics of the jobs that have to be performed by the members, along with the relevance of the roles. This has been done to highlight the responsibilities of the members of the company 4. Encourage the members to develop personal characteristics for the staffs which is also associated with the age and job tenure of the individuals or the staffs. The leader also adopts emotional intelligence factors, which is basically associated with the emotions and the factors that causes the same. This is required for enhancing the thinking ability of the individuals. Through this process, the ability of the leaders to perceive emotions accurately, generate emotions, and access the factors required for successful business conduct are analysed. Through such knowledge it is possible for the leaders to develop and implement the best steps that would help in achieving the set target without losing much efforts and time on the same. Through the adopted character, the manager attempt to encourage the members or the staffs to work towards the goal achievement, which is quite important for the business (Judge, and Ilies, 2002) Features of transformational style of leadership James McGregor Burns ad introduced the term of transformational style of leadership in the year 1978. Transformational style of leaders has been defined as the step or process that defines the steps followed by the leader along with the followers to encourage each other to work together and achieve great heights of success. Steve Jobs had encouraged the members of his company to introduce innovative style and ideas. Through this process, he had attempted to encourage the members to improve the sales and customer expectations. Some of the characterises of such leaders include Leaders develop a model for fairness and integrity Have a clear vision about the tasks that needs to be performed by the management and the staffs of the company (Judge, Piccolo, 2004). Motivate other members to do the right things and at the right time. Ensure to provide enough support and recognition to the members Handle the emotions of the staffs of the company Encourage the members to check or analyse the potentiality beyond their self-interest. The leaders have to set right the vision for the company, and encourage the staffs to follow the instructions that have been provided by the management. Leaders with such characteristics usually encourage creative designs, and encourage the members to follow the right steps. In this case, the emotional responsiveness and creative expression of different factors has been taken into consideration. Through the transformational characteristics it is possible for the leaders to introduce the changes that would encourage the members and the management to achieve the set target. For this, it is essential to have a big and clear vision, through which the challenging tasks can be easily achieved by the company (Keller, 2006). Some of the important traits that forms an important part of the leadership traits includes Extraversion - Such a feature is basically looked upon as one of the encouraging or motivational factors for the leaders. Neuroticism It is related to the methods that are adopted for increasing the productivity for the company. In this process, the groups are analysed, and the role of the leaders play a key role in uplifting the performance of the members. Experience The members and the leaders have to willingly undertake different challenges. This would increase the experience of the members. Agreeable - The members, along with the leaders need to agree upon the decision that has been made by the management. Through this process, it is possible for the leaders to encourage the members to do the right thing (King et al., 2009). Consciousness The decision made by the leaders have to be analysed. This has to be done, as the members would certainly look forth for the benefits associated with the act. In this process, the challenges that are associated with the decision making are analysed. The performance and effectiveness of the transactional style of leadership has been measured through the MLQ method or the multifactor leadership questionnaire method. In this method, a detailed survey is conducted to find the reliability of the leaders to undertaken the challenges that exists at the workplace. This is done to find the challenges that are associated with the execution of the leadership traits. Some of the important components that has been associated with the leadership factors are Idealised attributes Inspirational motivation Idealized behaviours (Mehra et al., 2006) Intellectual stimulation Individualised consideration Leadership theories The Great Man theory The great man theory evolved in the 19th century, and it is associated with the human characteristics essential for the conduct of the business. The human factors play a key role in identifying the roles or the goals that is expected to be played by the members. In this process, it is assumed that there can be one leader who can effectively handle the tasks. As per this theory, it is believed that the leaders are not made; in fact they are born with the characteristics. The leaders are expected to handle different complex situation, and help the members to overcome the issues (Moore, and Rudd, 2006). Behaviour theory for leadership In such a type of leadership theory, the leaders work towards developing and implementing new ideas and perspectives. This is required for focusing on the behaviour that is necessary for analysing the physical and mental characteristics of the individuals. The factors that affects the behaviour and decision making ability of the individuals at the workplace is analysed. This helps in accessing the severity of the issue, and drafting the best policy through which the same can be overpowered. Transformational leaders In such leadership characteristics, the leaders constantly interact with the staffs of the company. This is done to develop positive relationship with the employees. The members of the company are motivated and encouraged to undertake different challenging tasks that exists at the workplace. Importance is given to joint efforts that are made by the leaders and the staffs for accomplishing the tasks that exists at the workplace. For this, the rules are analysed, and exchanges required in the process has to be introduced. Such factors help the management and the leaders to undertake different challenging tasks, through which the objectives set out by the company can be easily achieved (Naipul, S., Wang, 2009). Leadership models Leadership models are quite important for the successful business conduct. In this process, the leadership behaviours are defined in regards to the specific business environment and situation. The behaviour of the leaders is taken into consideration, and the same is analysed. This is done with an intention of increasing the productivity for the company and developing positive relationship with the staffs and members of the company. Some of the mordant models that are considered in this process are Managerial grid - In this method, the leaders analyse the severity of the issue or the tasks at the workplace. Details are collected, and the challenges are analysed by the business leaders. This is done to predict the outcomes of the business. There are two types of leadership behaviours like the consideration and the initiation structure. Through such factors, the leaders analyse the changes required to be implemented for the product improvement for the company. Employee orientation and production orientation are two important features that contribute towards the success of the business conduct (Rowe, 2001). Develop four framework approaches In this process, the factors guiding the leadership behaviour are analysed. This is done after relating the same with the specific situation or condition that exists at the workplace. In this method, the leaders of the company basically concentrate on different factors like the structure, political, human resource, and symbolic factors. Through such factors, the leaders undertake the challenging tasks that exist at the workplace. Situational leadership factors The leaders are expected to handle the workplace environment, and for this the specific situation and challenges are analysed. In this case, the factors like the supervision and employee satisfaction has to be taken into consideration (Sarker, Hossan, and Zaman, 2012). Better leadership skills and motivate the leaders In order to encourage the members or the staffs of the company, it is essential to develop and introduce better and effective leadership methods for handling the challenges that exists at the workplace. Participative style of leadership is considered to be the most effective method through which the management can effectively handle the challenges that are associated with the task execution. An attempt has to be made to maintain positive relationship with the staffs, as this would help in encouraging the members to achieve the set target. Leaders in the 21st century have to face lots of challenges like handling large workforce, taking care of the competition, and introducing better methods for improving the production activities. Some of the factors or steps that can be followed for improving the relationship with the staffs are Analyse the problem faced by the members for execution of the task that exists at the workplace. Collect data through which the necessary changes can be introduced for improving the relationship and productivity for the company (Tarabishy et al., 2005). Conclusion Leadership style and methods play a key role in the development of the business. In this case, the factors that can directly impact the business performance have to be analysed. Through this method, it is possible for the management to introduce the required changes through which the challenging tasks at the workplace can be achieved. Through the leadership method, it is possible for the managers to encourage the staffs to work towards the objectives that have been set forth by the company. The style can be developed, and this is done through positive interaction and communication with the members. References Atkinson, T. N., Pilgreen, T. (2011). Adopting the transformational leadership perspective in a complex research environment. Research Management Review, 18(1), 123. Fenwick, F. J. Gayle, C. A. (2008). Missing Links in Understanding the Relationship between Leadership and Organizational Performance. International Business Economics Research Journal, Volume 7. Fry, L. W. (2003). Towards a Theory of Spiritual Leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 14, 693-727. Gill, A., Fitzgerald, S., Bhutani, S., Mand, H., Sharma, S. (2008). The relationship between transformational leadership and employee desire for empowerment. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 22(2), 263273 Humphreys, J. H., Einstein, W. O. (2003). Nothing New under the Sun: Transformational Leadership from a Historical Perspective. Management Decision, 41(1/2), 85-95 Judge, T. A. and Ilies, R. (2002). Relationship of Personality to Performance Motivation: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4): 797-807. Judge, T. A. Piccolo, R. F. (2004). Transformational Transactional Leadership: A Meta-analytic Test of their Relative Validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(5): 755-768. Judge, T. A. and Ilies, R. (2002). Relationship of Personality to Performance Motivation: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4): 797-807. Keller, R. T. (2006). Transformational Leadership, Initiating Structure Substitutes for Leadership: A Longitudinal Study of Research Development Project Team Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(1): 202-210. King, A, J, Johnson, D, P., Vugt, M. V. (2009). The origins and evolution of leadership. Current Biology, 19, 911916. Kossiakoff, A. Sweet, W. 2003. Systems engineering principles and practices: John wiley and sons. 98-106 Mehra, A., Smith, B., Dixon, A., Robertson, B. (2006). Distributed Leadership in Teams: The Network of Leadership Perceptions and Team Performance. Leadership Quarterly, 17: 232-245. Moore, L., Rudd, R. (2006). Leadership style s of current extension leaders. Journal of Agriculture Education, 47(1). Naipul, S., Wang, Y. (2009). Entrepreneurship and leadership in hospitality: insights and implications for hospitality and tourism educationMr. Harris Rosen in conversation with Drs Sandra Naipul and Youcheng Wang. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 21(6), 639658. Rowe, W. G. (2001). Creating Wealth in Organizations: The Role of Strategic Leadership. Academy of Management Executive, 15: 81-94. Sarker M, Hossan C, and Zaman L, (2012). Sustainability and growth of Low Cost Airlines: an industry analysis in global perspective. American Journal of Business and Management, 1(3), 162171. Tarabishy, A., Solomon, G., Fernald Jr., L.W. Sashkin, M. (2005). The Entrepreneurial Leaderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s Impact on the Organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s Performance in Dynamic Markets. Journal of Private Equity, 8(4): 20-29. Wong, K., Musa, G. (2011). Branding satisfaction in the airlines industry: A comparative study of Malaysia Airlines and AirAsia. African Journal of Business Management, 5(8), 34103423. Zainol, A. Z., Romle, A. R. (2007). The truths of service quality (passenger handling) in airlines industry: a descriptive exploration between Malaysia Airlines and AirAsia. Journal of Global Business Management, 3(1). Zhu, W., Chew, I. K. h. Spangler, W. D. (2005). CEO Transformational Leadership Organizational Outcomes: The Mediating Role of Human-Capital-Enhancing Human Resource Management. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(1): 39-52.